Suicide Is An Act That Knows No Boundaries - 1826 Words

INTRODUCTION Many people consider suicide a taboo subject best left in the shadows. A dark subject not often understood, and more times than not, occurring with no logical reason for the â€Å"why† a person would be willing to intentionally take their own life. Suicide is an act that knows no boundaries. Regardless of whether an individual is young, old, male, female, black, white, rich or poor, suicide has a way of finding itself into many families’ lives. When suicide is the cause of death, many families suffer difficulty finding closure, because they most likely will never know the reason their loved one decided to succumb to their own inner demons. The people left behind may spend the remainder of their lives wondering if there was anything they could have done to have prevented such a tragic loss of life. According to the U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, â€Å"For every American who dies by suicide, many others attempt suicide, and many more suffer t he despair that leads them to consider taking their own life.† This tragedy is even more overwhelming when the victim is a child. Sadly, according to a 2015 Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report by Erin Sullivan, et al. from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, suicide is the second leading cause of death in the United States of teens/adolescents between the ages of 10 to 24, only exceeded by accidents (unintentional injuries). Adolescent suicide is a very important and serious issue that needs to beShow MoreRelatedKate Chopin s The Awakening Essay1617 Words   |  7 Pageswomen should not follow the cultural boundaries set for them and to â€Å"batter against those boundaries† instead. However, the novel has also managed to be an â€Å"enforcement of cultural boundaries† by showing the consequence of when they are challenge. Readers of its time would find The Awakening as a breakthrough of the cultural constraints women faced in 19th century Louisia na whereas modern readers would be shocked by how enforced these seemingly oppressive boundaries are. The Awakening shows these twoRead MoreIn Housekeeping by Marilynne Robinso, Categorical Confines: Societal Boundaries in Opposition of Happiness1178 Words   |  5 Pagesmother’s transient sister, Sylvie. While Ruth is generally passively accepting of the care or lack thereof that she receives from these women, no matter how unconventional, Lucille purposefully sets herself against Sylvie. After existing outside of the boundaries that society imposes for the majority of her adult life, Sylvie is unable to provide the structured normality to which Lucille so desperately cleaves. In their own methods of seeking happiness, Sylvie prefers a fluid way of housekeeping, while LucilleRead MoreLimits Of Freedom Of Speech1210 Words   |  5 Pagesthe rule it says there should not be any obstacles. And why should we set limitations or boundaries in an amendment? Boundaries have to be set on the amendment because of those who can be hurt or can be offended. Offensive speech can come from everywhere, so either we can accept the crude song lyrics, racist remarks, and let people yell bomb in a busy and heavily populated airport. Or set laws and boundaries on what people are saying and where they say it. There should be limits on freedom of speechRead MoreA Brief Note On Suicide And Social Imagination1372 Words   |  6 PagesMid Term Essay #1: Suicide and Social Imagination â€Å"Suicide is applied to all cases of death resulting directly or indirectly from a positive or negative act of the victim himself, which he knows will produce this result† (Durkheim 34). Suicide is a phenomenon that has plagued our world since the beginning of time. It currently accounts for the second leading cause of death in people ages ten to twenty-four years old (Garni Powerpoint). This means of ending your own life is something we can preventRead MorePros and Cons on Assisted Suicide - Essay1221 Words   |  5 PagesKeri Starkel Pros and cons on assisted suicide Pages 5 What happens to a person when they get so depressed that they are on the verge of suicide? Well the only answer would be to commit it but what if that person cant find the guts to go through it alone. Well then they ask for assistance. This is called assisted suicide. Assisted suicide or in other words euthanasia is the killing by an act of an independent human being for their own benefit. There are many kinds of definitions that one mustRead MoreEssay about Euthanasia Should be Allowed1214 Words   |  5 Pages What happens to a person when they get so depressed that they are on the verge of suicide? Well the only answer would be to commit it. But what if that person cant find the guts to go through it alone. Well then they ask for assistance. This is called assisted suicide. Assisted suicide or in other words euthanasia is the killing by an act of an independent human being for their own benefit. There are many kinds of definitions that one must argue the fact of, what is euthana sia. Well you would haveRead MoreEssay about Social Deviance1286 Words   |  6 Pagescauses a disruption, but it is essential because it defines our boundaries as a society. It is intrinsic to a conception of order in that defining what is real and expected, defining what is acceptable, and defining who we are - always done in opposition to what is unreal, unexpected, unacceptable and who we are not. If we can accept the reality of change, then designations of deviance are crucial in locating the shifting boundaries of our socially structured reality. (Erikson, 1964) What isRead MoreClinical Aspects Of Crisis Management Essay1451 Words   |  6 Pagesexperiences increased bouts of depression and has started having panic attacks again. They fear he may begin drinking again and are also worried about his violent streak resurfacing. John has admitted that he has been depressed and has contemplated suicide in recent weeks following an announcement from his Brigade Commander that they will be starting 6-month rotations to Afghanistan. John’s name is not on the first three rotations, but it is on the fourth and the unit has been â€Å"stop-lossed† meaningRead MoreSchool Violence Has Become An Issue For Education Establishments For Centuries988 Words   |  4 Pagessituations. â€Å"For young adults, ages 15-24 years old, suicide is the third leading cause of death† noted by the Suicide Awareness Voices of Education. For every 15 suicide attempts, 1 suicide is successfully executed. As you can examine for yourself, school violence can cause much harm to the student body or others in the community. We need to make the environment we want our children to grow up in to make it a a safer place for them to learn and grow. We know that drugs, gang involvement, and weapons areRead MoreEuthanasia Essay : Euthanasia And Euthanasia Essay1223 Words   |  5 Pagesjustify assisted suicide, or euthanasia. Gallup’s study in 2013 openly shows this statistic by showing that over 75 percent of Americans trust that euthanasia should be acceptable. However, what Americans don’t comprehend is that making any form of euthanasia legal infringes upon the right to life as stated in the constitution. It’s like society has given up on itself so far to the point that euthanasia is openly acceptable. To help form a clearer view of euthanasia, you have got to know the history

The Emperor Of All Maladies Essay - 1419 Words

The Emperor of All Maladies (A biography of cancer), written by Siddhartha Mukherjee Introduction â€Å"The Emperor of All Maladies† captured the whole essence of cancer. This book gave a very good narrative of the historical record of cancer, the scientists and important public figures who contributed to the fight against a disease that has so much caused despair, pain, disfiguring of the body and worst of all, death. Cancer is seen as the abnormal growth of cells. A normal cell becomes cancerous when there is a defect in the regulation of its growth. Cancerous cells also tend to be elusive and resistant to treatments. Numerous attempts have been channeled into demystifying the nature of cancer. Some of these attempts proved abortive while a few served as a harbinger of hope. Cancer have proved to be part of our genetic makeup, hence, total eradication of it remains a future accomplishment. The aim of this review is to give an account of the second leading cause of death in the United States of America. The review described the origin of cancer, its nature, prevention strategies and treatment. It also evaluated the concept used by the author. Summary The word â€Å"cancer† first appeared in medical literature in 400BC during the time of Hippocrates as â€Å"karkinos†. Cancer was compared to a crab, which was denoted by its hardened back, its painful sting and its mobility. Another Greek word described cancer as â€Å"onkos† which represented the load born by cancer patients which isShow MoreRelatedEmperor of all maladies Essay8098 Words   |  33 PagesPraise for The Emperor of All Maladies â€Å"A compulsively readable, surprisingly uplifting, and vivid tale. thrilling .† —o, t he oprah maga z in e â€Å"[An] essential piece of medical journalism.† —T im e â€Å"A meticulously researched, panoramic history . . . What makes Mukherjee’s narrative so remarkable is that he imbues decades of painstaking laboratory investigation with the suspense of a mystery novel and urgency of a thriller.† —The Boston Globe â€Å"riveting and powerful .† —San FrRead MoreCancer : The Emperor Of All Maladies1338 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Cancer: the Emperor of all Maladies† tells the story of humanity’s struggle to eradicate cancer, as well as the leaps and bounds we have taken in understanding the nature of the disease. Sadly the War on Cancer declared by Richard Nixon in 1971 is still ongoing, and although many new technologies, medicines and techniques have been introduced, there are still instances where we are wholly defenseless in our fight against an ancient illness. Cancer is not a foreign infectious disease, nor is thereRead MoreThe Roman Spectacle Of Ancient Society891 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Circus served as a welcomed diversion. Rome’s Emperors were not ignorant to the impact that racing had on the Roman populace all across the empire. Dio Chrysostom writing of partisans of Alexandria in the second century AD noted the passion racing invoked in its spectators: A people to whom one need only throw bread and give a spectacle of horses since they have no interest in anything else. When they enter a theatre or stadium they lose all consciousness of their former state and are notRead MoreOpioids And The Opioid Receptor Essay1526 Words   |  7 Pagesmedical literature during the pinnacle of the Reformation. The residents of India and Persia then began drinking and eating opium mixtures for recreational purposes. In 1830, the British reliance on the drug for leisure and medicinal uses reached an all time high as thousands of pounds of opium were imported from India and Turkey. 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The boy’s idol was Babe himself and his uncle ,wrote to him asking for his aid, knew that this was going to surprise the boy.. The very next day Babe arrived in the hospital with a bat, glove, and half a dozen signed baseballs. This was on the frequent

Molecular Archaeology Free Essays

string(79) " minimum state of preservation to obtain the specific sequence information†\." Different methods have been used and are being used in the analysis of archaeological data. Among others, different archaeometric fields such as paleoecology (paleozoology, paleobotany and pllenanalysis), dating methods (radiocarbon-dating and dendrochronology) and analytical chemistry had been used for the evaluation of the quantity and quality of different archaeological substances (Kiesslich, n.d. We will write a custom essay sample on Molecular Archaeology or any similar topic only for you Order Now ). Given the nature of archaeology, evaluated data are analyzed on the point of view of history. The recent discoveries in science particularly in genetics and molecular biology have given rise to another method of scientific analysis of archaeological data. The new developments allow easier investigation of ancient remains not only through paleoecology, dating and chemical methods but on a molecular level. This new branch of archaeological analysis is what is now known as Molecular Archaeology. Christianson (2007) of the Minnesota State University gives a more perspicuous description of the field. According to him, Molecular Archaeology is an â€Å"†¦emergent field in archaeology that has been brought about by the advancements of the recognition and understanding of DNA, focusing on the acquisition of either DNA or mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA) and being able to determine species of natural archaeological finds as well as determine blood lines and/or sex of animal or human remains.† It is this use of the DNA in the analysis of archaeological data that differentiates Molecular Archaeology from the other methods of archaeological analysis. It is the biological function of this DNA that makes molecular archaeology an irreplaceable field in analytical archaeology. This DNA contains genetic information which, once known, could provide special information about the individual properties of the probe (Christianson, 2007). These individual properties include one’s species, population, and gender. Also, Through the use of DNA residues, accuracy in reconstructing subsistence and related cultural activities is more probably. As a result, we gain more knowledge and understanding of the lives of our ancestors and the environment they lived in as well as of the other creatures that coexisted with them (Christianson, 2007). There was a time when molecular archaeology seemed to be inconceivable. This was when scientists believed that DNA-preservation was impossible in biological remains. Previous studies have shown that it only took days or even hours for degradation to occur after the death of an individual. With degradation, of course, is the loss of significant genetic information (Keisslich, n.d.). It is one study in the early eighties defied this scientists’ limiting belief on the relationship between degradation and DNA-preservation and paved the way for molecular archaeology and the use of DNA in the analysis of archaeological data. â€Å"This is the successful detection of intact genetic information in a 4000-year-old Egyptian mummy† (Kiesslich, n.d.) Furthermore, the invention of analytical methods in molecular biology boosted the field of molecular archaeology. â€Å"In 1988, Mullis and Saiki published a study on Primer-directed enzymatic amplification of DNA with a thermostable DNA polymerase†. Practically, they invented the PCR or the Polymerase Chain Reaction technique which made possible the detection and characterization of even minimal traces of DNA. In theory, the presence of even a single intact molecule of DNA can give a positive result (Kiesslich, n.d.) †The impact of molecular archaeology particularly its use of DNA in evaluating data has been proven to be a great leap in archaeological research†. Because DNA is a huge aspect of molecular archaeology, it is necessary even for the general studies of this subject to include information on the nature of the DNA. DNA is a helically-twisted macromolecule consisting of a sugar-phosphate backbone. â€Å"Each sugar in the DNA’s sugar-phosphate backbone is bound to one side-chain which may be different for each unit†. It is this side-chain that represents a single basic unit of DNA or DNA-base. It is the connection between a few to several billions of base-pairs connected by one polymer unit that produces a double helix, particular to the DNA. (Kiesslich, n.d.) The function of the DNA is mainly the maintenance and passing of genetic information from parent to progeny. This genetic information is encoded in 4 different letters (A, C, G, T) which represent the bases or the basic units. Three of the letters together correspond to the next superior information unit (Kiesslich, n.d.) The DNA not only functions for the maintenance and passing of genetic information but also for the control of the biological functions of each cell. For living organisms, it is located in the nucleus of the cells and in small cellular compartments called mitochondria. This mitochondria are considered as the powerhouses of the cell because it provide for the energy needed for cellular processes. Like nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has their own chromosomes. â€Å"In general, a cell contains only two copies of nuclear DNA and as much as a thousand copies of mitochondrial DNA â€Å"(Kiesslich, n.d.). What is crucial to the nature of the DNA is the sequence of its 4 discriminable bases or the base-sequence. It is this base-sequence that represents the genetic information passed on from parent to progeny and controls the cellular chemical reactions. It is this sequence that is the targeted information in the analysis of archaeological facts and this sequence can only be determined through the application of methods in molecular biology (Kiesslich, n.d.). Information given by an individual’s DNA is not limited to the individual but also to pathogens which include microorganisms and bacteria, as well as biological materials and the diet of a settlement (Kiesslich, n.d.). DNA of microorganisms and bacteria can be determined through paleopathology and paleoepidemiology. DNA of biological material can be determined through paleoecology, paleobotany and paleozoology. An extracted intact DNA would give the whole genetic information of an individual. This genetic information can be accessed using different sequence-specific DNA probes which also provide information required for archaeological analysis (Kiesslich, n.d.) There is a difference between the extraction of DNA from the nucleus and DNA from the mitochondria. Note that DNA from the nucleus persists only as two copies for every cell while mitochondrial DNA persists at an average of a few thousand copies per cell. â€Å"Nuclear DNA and mitochondrial DNA require a minimum state of preservation to obtain the specific sequence information†. You read "Molecular Archaeology" in category "Essay examples" The greater quantity of mitochondrial DNA allows it to be more readily accessible compared to nuclear DNA. It is also more resistant to degradation processes after death as well as diaganetic influences compared to nuclear DNA (Kiesslich, n.d.). The two types of DNA are different in the types of information that can be obtained. In nuclear DNA, information about an individual’s genetic constitution can be obtained. This includes the individual’s species, gender, fingerprint and kinship with other individuals. Meanwhile, the mitochondrial DNA provides information that allows the assessment of maternal lineage within a community. This is because mitochondrial DNA is exclusively maternally hereditary. The mitorchondrial DNA’s comparatively slow mutational rate also allows greater evaluation of genetic context for individuals. In effect, individuals can be classified through middle and long-range temporal classification (Kiesslich, n.d.). Using information on the X and Y chromosomes, gender can be determined easily using molecular biological methods (Faerman and Filon, 2005). As it is known, gender is one of the most significant features of an individual and is likewise significant in archaeological analysis. Among other parts, gender can be and is usually determined using the teeth and the bones (Kiesslich, n.d.). Sex-specific genes are located in the X and Y chromosomes. Still, the determination of gender is not limited to molecular biological means. The determination of the gender of an individual remains can be done through conventional methods including morphometry. This happens when convenience is not the issue but the quality of the sample itself when it is too damaged or when the remains that are analyzed belonged to an infant. As a rule, a few grams of bone or tooth is enough for DNA-analysis (Kiesslich, n.d.). †Gender determination through DNA-analysis can be exemplified by the study done in South Israel, at a bath house at a burial site of Roman Askalon†. It must be noted that in Ancient Askalon infanticide was a widespread phenomenon (The Advent of Molecular Archaeology, 2005). †Behind the bath house, archaeologists found more than 100 skeletal remains of infants which at first were thought as the remains of unwanted girls†. The epigraph stating â€Å"Enter, Enjoy and†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and the several lamps with erotic motifs gave rise to a theory which was confirmed using DNA-analysis. Through gender determination by DNA-analysis, it was found out that the skeletal remains that were found did not only belong to unwanted girls but also to unwanted boys. The bath house was confirmed to be a brothel and the skeletal remains were the infants of the women who used to work at the place (Kiesslich, n.d.). Meanwhile, the issue on whether or not tuberculosis was brought to Peru by Columbus and his successors was clarified using DNA analysis. â€Å"One study reported that the DNA of tuberculosis pathogens already existed even among 600-900-year-old Peruvian mummies† (Kiesslich, n.d.). Nuclear DNA-analysis is also used in the identification of remains. In history, the remains of Josef Mengele in Brazil as well as the identification of the remains of the Romanov family in Jekatrinenburg after the Bolshevik Revolution were identified using DNA-fingerprinting (Kiesslich, n.d.). The analysis of organic residues in some jars found in Egyptian Amphorae allowed the discovery of what commodities were transported to Egypt during the Late Bronze Age and the links between the sources of the jars, the commodities and the way of transport of substances in the Mediterranean world (Stern, 2001). Mitochondrial DNA analysis was used in the investigation of the Tyrolean Ice-man (The Advent of Molecular Archaeology, 2005). The findings of the investigation revealed a high DNA-sequence homology to today’s population in the Northern alps (Kiesslich, n.d.) and showed a great fit to the Northern European context. In this case, clothes and tools associated with the findings were also investigated aside from the individual body, giving an idea on vegetation during the era (Kiesslich, n.d.). DNA-analysis also covers topics historical and anthropological topics particularly population-genetics. Population-genetics include the tracing of migrations and distributions of populations. For example, kinship analysis was done with some individuals in Forida (Kiesslich, n.d.). DNA-analysis can also be used to trace genealogical origins and also in the determination of possible threats of diseases from ancestors. Source materials for DNA-analysis are not limited to bones and teeth. As a matter of fact, anything that could possibly contain DNA, even if not part of the individual’s body can be a source material. â€Å"Source materials can range from biological remains such as skeletons, bodies, bones, hair, teeth, forensic and medical preparations, museum specimens, fossils and objects that an individual has come in contact with† (Kiesslich, n.d.). It must be remembered that DNA-analysis is a procedure which involves the destruction of the specimen. This implies that once a specimen has been used for analysis, it cannot be reused. On the other hand, even small amounts of materials, say, a piece of hair or a gram of bone is enough for any DNA-analysis as long as the specimen is of quality, depending on the source’s chemical, physical, geological, ecological and biological history (Kiesslich, n.d.). †A DNA can be expected to be intact and well-preserved if it has been maintained at low-temperatures such as the case of the Tyrolean Ice-man, or if it has been maintained in arid places†. As a rule, DNA-degradation happens under humid conditions so specimens coming from deserts, and in polar regions or any other setting with similar conditions would produce more intact DNA specimens and more successful DNA analysis. Other conserving factors include anaerobic conditions such as that in Florida during the kinship analysis and the quantity of possible DNA specimens such in mummies (Kiesslich, n.d.). The less a specimen is affected by diagenetic processes, the more intact and well-preserved it will be when used for DNA-analysis. This is the reason why teeth and bones are commonly used for DNA-analysis. Their structure, and rigidity as well as the little hollow spaces with single cells, which undergo individual post-mortem mummification (Kiesslich, n.d.). In addition, these specimens are less affected by natural contamination during the life of the individual as well as post-mortem contaminations. Contemporary contaminations in the specimens can also be easily removed before extracting the DNA. As noted earlier, teeth and bones are suitable material sources for the determination of gender and for any other DNA-analysis (Kiesslich, n.d.). In molecular archaeology as well as in any other field that require genetic analysis, collection of samples and pre-treatment require maximum precautions. This is to prevent contemporary errors which are possible sources of errors. Errors are especially crucial in DNA-analysis since specimens are not infinite (Kiesslich, n.d.). One simple precaution is to wear gloves and safety-masks. Also, tools and containers that will be used in the analysis should be sterile and free from other DNA contaminants. It must also be remembered that probing of specimens should be done directly at the excavation site, sealed and only opened until it get to the laboratory. All these should be obligatory to prevent contamination and thus, errors (Kiesslich, n.d.) There are many procedures for the extraction of DNA from material sources. Naturally, speciments are cleaned first to remove physical contaminants such as soil and dirt. Specimens are then homogenized and placed in an extraction buffer. This extraction buffer contains compounds that are necessary for the breaking of the source-matrix. The breaking of the source matrix is done by decalcification or and proteinase-digestion. The end product is the extracted solubilized DNA (Kiesslich, n.d.). Similar to extraction, isolation and purification are also done through different procedures. Before doing the process, the chemical and physical conditions of the source material must first be evaluated. This is another preventive procedure to minimize errors from contaminants. Once the DNA in the source material has been purified and contained in an aqueous solution, substances that are co-extracted with the DNA including humic acids and other chemicals which have similar properties with the DNA must be removed to avoid false negatives in PCR reactions. These co-extrants could also inhibit enzymatic reactions (Kiesslich, n.d.). The most powerful tool for the investigation of DNA is the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) because of its sensitivity which allows even a single intact DNA enough for detection. The PCR is an amplification procedure that is sequence specific. â€Å"Here, sequence specific DNA probes are added to reactions considering reaction parameters necessary for the process†. Through this, the target sequence is amplified until detectable amounts are obtained. However, further care must be done in order to avoid contamination, particularly contemporary ones. Contemporary contaminants are better preserved in the PCR. To manage this, blank extracts and zero-controls must be done for every extraction. In sum, controls are necessary to for the verification of the authenticity of the results and in order to trace possible contaminations that are present (Kiesslich, n.d.). Zero-controls are PCR-reactions which do not contain the DNA being analyzed (Kiesslich, n.d.). They are blank extracts which contain everything that is required for the reaction used in the DNA-analysis such as solutions and buffers. In the same way as the source material, these controls undergo the same extraction steps. Much has been transformed by the discovery of DNA. In the past, archaeological investigations may be limited to the physical level. Today, it has reached the era when Archaeology intersects with Molecular Biology. There are still lots of evidences to discover. history is still filled with gaps. With the advent of Molecular Archaeology, strands may just be made and gaps may just be filled. References Christianson, B. (2007). Molecular Archaeology. Minnesota State University. Retrieved 23 October 2007 from http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/archaeology/archaeology/moleculararchaeology.html. Faerman, M., D. Filon, et al. (1995). Sex identification of archaeological human remains based on amplification of the X and Y amelogenin alleles. Gene, 167, (1-2): 327-32. Kiesslich, J. (n.d.). The Emerging Field of Molecular Archaeology. Retrieved 23 October Saiki, R. K., D. H. Gelfand, et al. (1988). Primer-directed enzymatic amplification of DNA with a thermostable DNA polymerase. Science,   239, (4839): 487-91. Stern, B. (2001). Organic Residues in Egyptian Amphorae. University of Bradford. Retrieved 23 October 2007 from http://www.brad.ac.uk/acad/archsci/depart/resgrp/molarch/egypt.html. The Advent of Molecular Archaeology. (2005). Retrieved 23 October 2007 from http://humanitieslab.stanford.edu/2/184.    How to cite Molecular Archaeology, Essay examples

Theme for English B Essay Example For Students

Theme for English B Essay In the poem Theme for English B, by Langston Hughes, Hughes talks about the African American struggle for equality. This is a common subject for Hughes. In many of his poems he speaks about blacks and the injustices that they face. Another common subject for Hughes is the town, Harlem, which is also mentioned in Theme for English B.The poem starts off with an instructor giving his students a paper to write, the instructor says to the student, let that page come out of you-Then, it will be true. The poem is continued as the paper that Hughes is writing. In the paper, he explains everything in his heart, just as his instructor had told him to. His paper illustrates exactly how an African-American man feels, acts and what he does in everyday life. The point that Hughes tries to get across to his teacher is clear, that he, the black man, likes and does the same things as the white man. The difference being how the world views the two races. Hughes wonders if his paper will be graded diff erently because he is black. In the poem he says, I guess being colored doesnt make me not like the same things other folks like who are other races So will my page be colored that I write?Hughes was not asking for sympathy, or for an apology, just understanding. He knows that even that will be hard, considering that he and his professor come from two completely different worlds. He explains that a black man will always have an impact on a white mans life, and vice versa; but Hughes knows that the white man wants no part of the black mans life. Hughes only meager wish is to be accepted-not as a black man, but as an American.